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Text File | 1992-09-30 | 5.2 KB | 104 lines | [TEXT/WPC2] |
- Modem Escape Sequences
-
- What is a Modem Escape Sequence?
-
- A modem escape sequence allows a modem to change or "escape"
- from the receive/transmit mode of operation to the command mode of
- operation. Prior to 1981, modems used various escape sequences, such
- as the Eaton escape sequence, but these escape sequences were found to
- be unreliable in actual use because they could not prevent the modem
- from unexpectedly escaping into command mode when the data being
- transmitted contained the escape code.
-
- Improved Escape Sequence with Guard Time
-
- The Improved Escape Sequence with Guard Time was first used in
- a Hayes modem in 1981. The particular improvement allows a modem to
- escape from the receive/transmit mode of operation to the command mode
- of operation in a very reliable manner that does not rely at all on
- the probability of character occurrence in the data. It is important
- that the modem not escape if the characters used in the escape
- sequence appear at any time in the data being transmitted.
-
- Dale Heatherington was not satisfied with an escape mechanism
- which caused some data to be unsendable and therefore made the modem
- not be truly transparent to some data. He solved the problem by
- choosing predetermined characters for the escape code (such as +++)
- and surrounded them on either side by a predetermined guard time to
- alert the modem that the sequence is set off from a typical data
- string transmission.
-
- Dale Heatherington redefined the problem, and his resulting
- invention lead to U.S. Patent # 4,549,302 and corresponding patents in
- a number of countries. Hayes has licensed many modem manufacturers to
- make this technology readily available to the market. Currently,
- manufacturers such as Compaq, Everex, IBM, Megahertz, Microcom,
- Practical Peripherals, Rockwell, Telebit, US Robotics, and others
- license this technology from Hayes and have provided reliable escape
- mechanisms in their products.
-
- Time Independent Escape Sequence
-
- A new escape sequence, known as Time Independent Escape
- Sequence (TIES), has recently appeared on the market. TIES is a non-
- standard escape sequence which is not the same as the Improved Escape
- Sequence with Guard Time that was first used in a Hayes modem and is
- now used as the defacto standard for reliable modem operation by modem
- manufacturers worldwide.
-
- How do I know if my modem supports TIES?
-
- Hayes has developed a binary file (TIES_ID.BIN) that can
- assist you in determining if your modem or the modems which you are
- evaluating support TIES. If you transfer the TIES_ID.BIN file using
- XMODEM or YMODEM and your modem supports TIES, the file transfer will
- halt at a certain point or the modem will revert to Command State
- where it will not transmit data until an appropriate AT command is
- typed.
-
- Unlike the Improved Escape Sequence with Guard Time, TIES will
- cause a file transfer to abort if certain sequences of characters are
- present. The simplest TIES default escape sequence is "+++AT<CR>"
- where <CR> represents "carriage return." In TIES there are no
- required guard times. Other TIES sequences might have a lower case A
- or T (e.g. "at") or be of the form "+++AT<string><CR>", where <string>
- is any valid AT command.
-
- The particular TIES sequences for a TIES modem depend on
- whether the communications software changes the value of the "escape
- character" (the +) and the end-of-command character (the <CR>). The
- TIES_ID.BIN file includes all possible sequences of the form "xxxATy"
- where the ASCII value for x is varied from 0 to 127 and the ASCII
- value for y is varied from 0 to 127. This results in 16,384 sequences
- which are each repeated twice because the protocol does interrupt a
- sequence every so often (e.g., every 128 or 1024 bytes).
-
- A shorter file, TIES_QID.BIN, is also available and will
- identify the existence of TIES if any Hayes Smartcom communications
- software is used. TIES_QID.BIN can also be used with any other XMODEM
- or YMODEM file transfer software that does not reprogram the end-of-
- command character (most widely used communications software fall into
- this category). This shorter file will upload in 6 to 12 seconds at
- 2400 bps.
-
- Note: this procedure checks for the TIES escape mechanism only - it
- does not check for the Hayes Improved Escape Sequence with Guard Time.
-
- How can I obtain these TIES identification files?
-
- If you are reading this from a TIES Identification Files disk, then
- the files are also on this diskette. The diskette also contains a
- text file containing a White Paper on TIES. The White Paper file can
- be read with almost any word processor.
-
- To obtain a disk with the TIES test files or to learn more
- about escape sequences, call the Online with Hayes (electronic
- bulletin board system) in United States at 800/US HAYES (800/874-
- 2937) or 404/HI MODEM (404/446-6336); in Europe at +44 81 569-1774 and
- in Asia at 852-887-7590. Select TIES Info from the main menu. The files
- TIES_ID.BIN can be TIES_QID.BIN downloaded if you wish.
-
- Information on TIES and copies of TIES_ID.BIN and TIES_QID.BIN
- can also be obtained on Compuserve by accessing the Hayes Forum (GO
- HAYES).
-